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摘 要
本设计包括三个部分:一般部分、专题部分和翻译部分。
一般部分为跃进煤矿2.4Mt/a新井设计。跃进矿井位于河南省义马市境内,交通便利。井田走向长约5.6km,倾斜宽约3.6km,总面积为20.2km2。主采煤层为2#和3#煤,煤层倾角为9~13.2 ,平均总厚度为10.54m。井田地质条件较为简单。
井田工业储量为275.61Mt,可采储量为175.13Mt。矿井设计生产能力为2.4Mt/a。矿井服务年限为52.12a,水文地质较简单,矿井正常涌水量为145m3/h,最大涌水量为375m3/h。矿井为低瓦斯矿井。
井田开拓方式为立井两水平开拓。采用胶带输送机运煤,采用无轨胶轮车进行辅助运输。矿井通风方式为中央并列式通风。矿井年工作日为330d,工作制度为“四六”制。
一般部分共包括10章:1、矿区概述与地质特征;2、井田境界和储量;3、矿井工作制度、设计生产能力及服务年限;4、井田开拓;5、准备方式——采区巷道布置;6、采煤方法;7、井下运输;8、矿井提升;9、矿井通风与安全;10、设计矿井基本技术经济指标。
专题部分题目是冲击矿压规律及预防预测。
翻译部分是一篇关于锚杆的分析模型的论文,英文原文题目为:Analytical models for rock bolts。
关键词:立井;两水平;采区;中央并列式通风
目录
一般设计部分
1矿区概述及井田地质特征.............................................................................................1
1.1矿区概述...............................................................................................................1
1.1.1位置与交通....................................................................................................1
1.1.2地形地貌及水系............................................................................................1
1.1.3气候与气象....................................................................................................2
1.1.4地震强度........................................................................................................2
1.1.5水源及电源....................................................................................................2
1.2井田地质特征.......................................................................................................2
1.2.1地层................................................................................................................2
1.2.2构造................................................................................................................5
1.2.3水文地质特征................................................................................................5
1.3煤层特征与煤质...................................................................................................7
1.3.1煤层特征........................................................................................................7
1.3.2煤质......... ......................................................................................................8
1.3.3煤层开采技术条件......................................................................................12
2 井田境界与储量......................................................................................................15
2.1井田境界.............................................................................................................15
2.1.1井田境界划分原则......................................................................................15
2.1.2开采界限......................................................................................................15
2.1.3井田尺寸......................................................................................................15
2.2矿井储量计算.....................................................................................................15
2.2.1矿井地质资源量..........................................................................................16
2.2.2矿井工业储量..............................................................................................17
2.2.3矿井可采储量... ..........................................................................................17
3 矿井工作制度、设计生产能力及服务年限..........................................................21-
3.1矿井工作制度.....................................................................................................21
3.2矿井设计生产能力及服务年限.........................................................................21
4 井田开拓..................................................................................................................23
4.1井田开拓的基本问题.........................................................................................23
4.1.1井筒形式、数目的确定.................... ...........................................................23
4.1.2井筒位置的选择........... ..............................................................................24
4.1.3工业广场的位置、形状和面积的确定........................................................25
4.1.4确定开采水平及划分采带区......................................................................26
4.1.5主要开拓巷道..............................................................................................26
4.1.6确定矿井开拓延伸方案..............................................................................27
4.1.7确定采区间的交替顺序..............................................................................27
4.1.8开拓方案比较..............................................................................................27
4.2矿井基本巷道.....................................................................................................32
4.2.1井筒..............................................................................................................32
4.2.2井底车场......................... ............................................................................36
4.2.3主要开拓巷道..............................................................................................38
4.2.4巷道支护......................................................................................................39
5 准备方式——采区巷道布置..................................................................................42
5.1煤层地质特征.....................................................................................................42
5.1.1煤层顶底板岩石构造情况..........................................................................42
5.1.2水文地质..................................................................................................... 42
5.1.3地质构造........................ .............................................................................42
5.1.4地表情况..................................................................................................... 42
5.2采区巷道布置及生产系统................................................................................ 42
5.2.1采区位置及范围..........................................................................................42
5.2.2采煤方法及工作面长度的确定..................................................................42
5.2.3确定采区各种巷道的尺寸、支护方式及通风方式...................................43
5.2.4煤柱尺寸的确定..........................................................................................43
5.2.5采区巷道的联络方式..................................................................................43
5.2.6采区接替顺序..............................................................................................43
5.2.7采区生产系统..............................................................................................43
5.2.8采区内巷道掘进方法..................................................................................44
5.2.9采区生产能力及采出率..............................................................................44
5.3采区车场及主要硐室.........................................................................................45
5.3.1确定采区车场形式......................................................................................45
5.3.2采区主要硐室布置......................................................................................47
6 采煤方法..................................................................................................................48
6.1采煤工艺方式.....................................................................................................48
6.1.1采区煤层特征及地质条件..........................................................................48
6.1.2确定采煤工艺方式......................................................................................48
6.1.3回采工作面参数..........................................................................................48
6.1.4回采工作面破煤、装煤方式.......................................................................49
6.1.5回采工作面支护方式..................................................................................53
6.1.6端头支护及超前支护方式..........................................................................54
6.1.7各工艺过程注意事项..................................................................................55
6.1.8回采工作面正规循环作业..........................................................................56
6.2回采巷道布置.....................................................................................................59
6.2.1回采巷道布置方式......................................................................................59
6.2.2回采巷道参数..............................................................................................59
7 井下运输..................................................................................................................62
7.1概述.....................................................................................................................62
7.1.1井下运输设计的原始条件和数据..............................................................62
7.1.2运输距离和货载量......................................................................................62
7.1.3矿井运输系统..............................................................................................62
7.2采区运输设备选择.............................................................................................63
7.2.1设备选型原则..............................................................................................63
7.2.2采区设备的选型...................................... ...................................................64
7.3大巷运输设备选择.............................................................................................67
7.3.1运输大巷设备选择......................................................................................67
7.3.2辅助运输大巷设备选择..............................................................................68
8 矿井提升..................................................................................................................70
8.1概述.....................................................................................................................70
8.2主副井提升.........................................................................................................70
8.2.1主井提升......................................................................................................70
8.2.2副井提升............ .........................................................................................74
9 矿井通风及安全......................................................................................................76
9.1矿井通风系统选择.............................................................................................76
9.1.1矿井概况......................................................................................................76
9.1.2开拓方式............ ............ ............................................................................76
9.1.3变电所、充电硐室、火药库........................................................................76
9.1.4工作制、人数.................... ............ ..............................................................76
9.2矿井通风系统的确定.........................................................................................76
9.2.1矿井通风系统的基本要求..........................................................................76
9.2.2矿井通风方式的选择..................................................................................77
9.2.3矿井通风方法的选择..................................................................................77
9.2.4采区通风方式的选择..................................................................................78
9.2.5工作面通风方式..........................................................................................79
9.2.6回采工作面进回风巷的布置......................................................................80
9.3矿井风量计算............................. ............ ..........................................................80
9.3.1采煤工作面所需风量计算..........................................................................80
9.3.2备用工作面风量计算............ .....................................................................82
9.3.3掘进工作面所需风量..................................................................................82
9.3.4硐室需风量计算..........................................................................................83
9.3.5其他用风巷道的需风量计算......................................................................84
9.3.6矿井总风量计算..........................................................................................84
9.3.7确定采区及全矿的风量分配并确定矿井所需总风量..............................85
9.4矿井阻力计算......................................... ...........................................................86
9.4.1计算原则......................................................................................................86
9.4.2矿井最大阻力线路......................................................................................87
9.4.3矿井通风阻力计算......................................................................................87
9.4.4矿井总风阻等积孔计算..............................................................................89
9.5选择矿井通风设备....................................... .....................................................90
9.5.1选择主要通风机..........................................................................................90
9.5.2电动机选型..................................................................................................93
9.6安全灾害的预防措施......... ...............................................................................94
9.6.1预防瓦斯和煤尘爆炸的措施......................................................................94
9.6.2预防井下火灾的措施..................................................................................94
9.6.3防水措施................................ .....................................................................94
10 矿井基本技术经济指标........................................................................................96
参考文献......................................................................................................................97
专题设计部分
0 摘要........................................................................................... ............................99
1 问题的提出...................................... ........................ ..............................................99
1.1国内外冲击矿压现状.........................................................................................99
2 冲击矿压现象、特征及分类............................. ..................................................108
2.1现象及特征............ ........... ..............................................................................108
2.2分类.................................. ............... ............... ................................................108
3 冲击矿压机理........................................................................................................109
3.1强度理论................................................................ ..........................................109
3.2刚度理论................................................................. .........................................110
3.3能量理论............................... ...........................................................................110
3.4冲击倾向性理论................... ...........................................................................110
3.5稳定性理论....................................... ...............................................................111
3.6目前研究现状...................................................................................................111
4 冲击矿压影响因素................................................................................................111
4.1开采深度................................................................ ..........................................111
4.2煤岩的力学特征..................................................... .........................................112
4.3顶板岩层的结构特点........... ...........................................................................113
4.4煤层厚度及其变化............... ...........................................................................113
4.5煤层分叉的影响............................... ...............................................................113
4.6断层的影响.......................................... ............................................................114
4.7褶曲的影响.......................................... ............................................................114
4.8开采设计和开采顺序.......................... ............................................................115
4.9上覆煤层工作面停采线的影响.......................................................................115
4.10上覆煤层残采区的影响.................... ............................................................116
4.11采空区的影响.................................... ............................................................116
4.12老巷的影响........................................ ............................................................116
4.13开采区域的影响.............................................................................................117
5 冲击矿压的监测................................... ................................................................117
5.1煤层冲击破坏的监测机理.................................... ..........................................117
5.2冲击矿压分级预测技术......................................... .........................................118
6 冲击矿压危险性的解除措施...............................................................................122
6.1煤层注水................................................................ ..........................................122
6.2爆破卸压............................ .................................... .........................................123
6.3钻孔卸压............................... ...........................................................................123
6.4定向爆破裂缝法...............................................................................................123
6.5卸压巷卸压....................................... ...............................................................124
7 结论........................................................................................................................124
翻译部分
英文原文...................................................................................................................126
中文译文...................................................................................................................130
致谢............................................................................................................................131
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